Success! In Clinical Laboratory Science – Urinalysis and Body Fluids (UA/BF) Practice Test

These questions are part of the practice quiz. Start practicing

• The CSF glucose level is typically what percent of serum glucose?
• Which cell type would be part of the urine microscopy pattern in a patient who had a catheter inserted and then removed from the urethra and bladder?
• The primary urinary components shown are composed of which protein?
• A urine sample showing white foam on shaking implies increased concentration of which component?
• Pseudogout crystals are typically described as which?
• A patient’s urine shows a 'small' blood result on the reagent strip. In which of the following scenarios could this occur in a healthy person?
• Which statement about nitrite in urine after collection is supported by the material?
• Why is a first-morning urine sample often preferred for assessing proteinuria?
• In a patient with diabetes who takes megadoses of vitamin C, which result on a glucose pad of a urine reagent strip is most likely?
• Which statement is true?
• Which urinalysis finding most strongly supports a true urinary tract infection?
• Which statement best describes the primary significance of microalbumin testing?
• Which combination best supports a urinary tract infection on urinalysis?
• A 40-year-old female with nephrotic syndrome features, which condition is suggested?
• Which statement best describes Light's criteria for distinguishing exudative from transudative pleural effusions?
• Which statement about hyaline casts is true?
• What do WBC casts indicate?
• Budded yeast in urine sediment suggests which possibility?
• Which finding suggests that the urine sample collection was likely incorrect?
• Bacteria in urine sediment with a positive nitrite test indicates what?
• Which condition can cause reddish urine color?
• Which lipid-related sediment element was observed occasionally in the nephrotic syndrome case?
• Which finding corresponds to crenated red blood cells in urine?
• Two tests for protein in urine show conflicting results: reagent strip is negative while sulfosalicylic acid (SSA) testing is 2+ positive. Which explanation best accounts for this difference?
• A 22-year-old female with Acetest 40 mg/dL and urine glucose 500 mg/dL presents for evaluation. Which interpretation best matches these results?
• What is the purpose of quality controls in automated urine analyzers?
• Substances normally dissolved in urine share which characteristic?
• Hexagonal crystals are associated with which condition?
• Which observation is most directly associated with an inflammatory process in the urinary tract?
• Which pleural fluid parameter best indicates exudate rather than transudate?
• Which statement about nitrite testing in urine is correct?
• What is the expected pH range of a freshly voided urine specimen?
• Which statement is true about a formed element that may be found in normal alkaline urine?
• If a patient has more than 20 RBC/hpf but a negative urine dipstick for blood, which could explain this discrepancy?
• Granular casts in urine sediment are most indicative of which renal finding?
• If the predominant formed element in a urine sediment indicates a normal sample, which option best describes the sample?
• In a routine morning urinalysis, if the major formed elements are hyaline casts and mucus, this sediment is best described as what?
• Which statement best corresponds to a nitrite marker in urine analysis?
• An infant's urine contains 500 mg/dL galactose and no glucose. Which of the following test results would be obtained?
• A routine urinalysis on a young child with diarrhea shows negative glucose but positive ketones. Which explanation is most likely?
• When dipstick detects albumin but non-albumin proteins predominate in urine, what is the likely explanation?
• Which diagnosis is suggested by nitrite-positive, leukocyte esterase-positive urine with 25-40 WBC/hpf and moderate bacteria in a young woman?
• Which urinalysis finding is diagnostic for glomerulonephritis?
• Which substance in urine contributes to the specimen's specific gravity when present?
• The dipstick protein detection can detect as little as 5-20 mg of protein per deciliter. Which option accurately states this range?
• Which crystal type is associated with gout?
• The formed element described is usually found with which pair of soluble amino acids?
• A SAAG value of 1.2 g/dL indicates ascites due to which cause?
• The reagent test strips used for the detection of protein in urine are most reactive to
• What is the normal CSF protein range?
• Which statement best characterizes urinary crystals that may resemble cysteine crystals?
• Which urinalysis reagent strip test will never be reported out as negative?
• Uromodulin protein can be found in urine due to which of the following conditions?
• Xanthochromia in CSF is most closely associated with which finding?
• Which cast type represents the most advanced and pathological formation?
• White blood cells in urine sediment are typically normal up to how many per high-power field?
• A urine specimen that exhibits white foam on being shaken should be suspected of having an increased concentration of
• Which statement about the pattern of dark brown urine with moderate bilirubin and low urobilinogen is most consistent with biliary obstruction?
• Which statement about the first-voided morning urine specimen is true for routine urinalysis?
• In a urine sediment where hyaline casts and mucus are present with normal chemical results, what is the most likely interpretation?
• A serum-ascites albumin gradient (SAAG) of 1.1 g/dL or higher indicates ascites most likely due to which cause?
• With urinary tract infections, which white blood cell type is most frequently seen in urine sediment?
• Which finding in urinary sediment is more easily distinguished by polarized microscopy?
• Pseudogout crystals are associated with which crystal type, shape, and birefringence?
• What does a positive nitrite test on dipstick suggest?
• Red blood cells in urine sediment in a healthy individual are typically within which range?
• Hexagonal crystals are indicative of which congenital disorder?
• The mucin clot test in synovial fluid analysis is used to assess what?
• Urine specimens should be analyzed as soon as possible after collection. If urine specimens are allowed to stand at room temperature for an excessive amount of time, the urine pH will become alkaline because of bacterial decomposition of
• Xanthochromia in CSF is most closely associated with elevated levels of which substance?
• Isosthenuria describes a fixed urine specific gravity that is around which value across serial samples?
• Which finding on microscopic urinalysis is most consistent with a glomerular source of injury?
• Dark brown urine with moderate bilirubin and low urobilinogen (0.2 mg/dL) is most clinically significant for which condition?
• In the nephrotic syndrome case, which serum abnormality would you expect?
• A low or absent urobilinogen on the dipstick is most consistent with which scenario?
• A pediatric urine sample shows many six-sided crystals. The most likely diagnosis is:
• Which urine crystal is most likely seen in acidic urine?
• Which interpretation best explains the finding of a prominent fiber artifact in urine sediment analysis?
• What is the normal CSF cell count?
• Which finding is most indicative of nephrotic-range protein loss?
• What does cloudiness or turbidity in urine commonly indicate?
• Which solute is a major component of a 24-hour urine sample?
• Which reagent strip measurement is typically not negative in routine urinalysis?
• Hexagonal crystals observed in a pediatric urine specimen are most strongly associated with which condition?
• The protein test on dipsticks is most sensitive to which protein?
• Which interpretation of urinalysis findings best supports urinary tract infection?
• In which disorder will urine turn black if the sample's pH becomes alkaline upon standing?
• Red blood cells in urine sediment are usually measured per high-power field. What is the typical normal range?
• The colorimetric reagent strip test for protein is able to detect as little as 5-20 mg of protein per deciliter. What may cause a false-positive urine protein reading?
• If the first morning albumin is high relative to creatinine, what clinical interpretation is most appropriate?
• Envelope-shaped crystals are characteristic of which crystal type?
• Which cell type predominates in CSF during acute bacterial meningitis?
• On the reagent strip, which test pad has the longest manual wait time, and color that develops after the timer ends should be...
• Which crystal is commonly associated with alkaline urine and urinary tract infections (infection stones)?
• Which statement about pregnancy screening immunoassays is true?
• Which type of urine collection reduces contamination for culture and analysis?
• An increased number of the urinary component described in a given plate is most consistent with which condition?
• Isosthenuria is defined by a series of urine specimens from the same patient showing what characteristic?
• Which cast type is associated with chronic and advanced renal disease?
• What is the normal pH range for urine?
• Which cell type predominates in CSF during classic viral meningitis?
• What does a positive leukocyte esterase indicate?
• Mucus and sloughed cells observed in bladder catheterized urine sediment most likely reflect what?
• How should controls be run to ensure the precision and accuracy of the reagent test strips used for the chemical analysis of urine?
• Which condition involves increased levels of immunoglobulins in the cerebrospinal fluid originating from within the central nervous system?
• If a fasting plasma glucose level is 100 mg/dL, what is the expected fasting CSF glucose level?
• What crystal shape is characteristic of uric acid crystals?
• In high-power field examination, which finding is most consistent with a fiber artifact rather than a true cast?
• Which color is most significantly affected by bilirubin in a routine urinalysis?
• Glitter cell is a term used to describe a specific type of what?
• Which statement best describes the relationship between hydration and urine color?
• In the first-morning, clean-catch specimen from a diabetic patient, which statement is true?
• What is the typical color range of healthy urine?
• If the blood pad on a reagent strip appears speckled, which of the following may be true?
• Which condition is characterized by immunoglobulins in the CSF produced within the CNS, as seen in demyelinating diseases?
• Urine pH influences crystal formation in which way?
• Which factors can cause false-negative dipstick results?
• Which statement best describes the reason the first-voided morning urine is preferred for routine urinalysis?
• Which statement about crystals seen in urine is true?
• What do RBC casts indicate?
• If a dipstick detects protein but albumin is not detected by other methods, what is the clinical significance?
• T turbidity in urine can be caused by which of the following?
• Which microscopy technique can be used to observe the primary urinary components described?
• An eGFR of 42 mL/min/1.73 m2 should be interpreted as what?
• Patients with diabetes insipidus tend to produce urine in which volume and specific gravity?
• Which statement accurately reflects Light's criteria for exudate in pleural fluid?
• Which item is included in the quality assurance program for a urinalysis laboratory as a preanalytical component?
• What does a positive glucose on urine dipstick indicate?
• Among the following, which statement correctly describes substances normally dissolved in urine?
• The formed element associated with ornithine and arginine is linked to which category of substances in urine?
• Approximately how many hyaline casts per low-power field were reported in the described sediment?
• A first morning urine albumin is 109 mg/dL and creatinine is 410 mg/dL. Which value is the albumin:creatinine ratio?
• What pre-analytic factor most affects the reliability of urine protein testing on dipsticks?
• Monosodium urate crystals are characterized by which features?
• Oval fat bodies and lipid-laden casts are most associated with which condition?
• What does a positive bilirubin result on urine dipstick indicate?
• A patient with dysuria provides a first-morning urine sample; there are many bacteria but nitrite is negative. Which explanation could account for this result?
• What is the best indicator that a reagent strip is inappropriate to use when first opened?
• Why can't occult blood tests using anti-hemoglobin detect bleeding that originates in the esophagus?
• What is the most common component of urine casts and what does it indicate?
• What does a positive protein result on a urine dipstick indicate?
• Which sediment finding is characteristic of nephrotic syndrome due to lipiduria?
• Which statement best describes the principle of the SSA precipitation test?
• What is recommended to preserve urine samples for microscopy?
• Which statement about the role of internal controls in pregnancy screening kits is true?
• Which crystals appear rhomboid or rosette shapes and are common in acidic urine?
• Microalbumin testing is primarily used for early detection of glomerular disease in which condition?
• What does a positive ketone test signify on dipstick?
• Interference by vitamin C on certain reagent strip pads is an example of which test characteristic?
• Which finding would most strongly suggest sample collection contamination rather than true urinary pathology?
• Megadoses of vitamin C can alter reagent strip results; which specific parameter is most likely falsely decreased?
• In synovial fluid analysis, the WBC count threshold that suggests inflammatory arthritis is greater than how many cells per microliter?
• Which finding is most specific for chylous ascites?
• Low or absent urobilinogen on dipstick indicates possible biliary obstruction or severe liver disease with reduced bilirubin turnover.
• White blood cells in urine sediment in a healthy person are typically within which range?
• A negative nitrite test with positive leukocyte esterase suggests?
• Which observation would suggest the need to read a reagent strip color after the 2-minute mark should be ignored?
• If bacteria are detected in a specimen, which finding suggests bacteria were introduced during collection rather than from a urinary tract infection?
• Triple phosphate (struvite) crystals are favored by alkaline urine. If they are not seen on a day they are typically present, what is the most likely explanation?
• Which pleural fluid finding is most characteristic of empyema?
• A urine sample with pH 5.0, many uric acid crystals, and 20-50 RBC/hpf most strongly suggests which disease pattern?
• Which statement best reflects what the leukocyte test pad on a urine reagent strip measures when read at the appropriate time?
• What is the normal opening pressure range for cerebrospinal fluid in adults?
• Which two measurements are required to calculate the albumin:creatinine ratio in urine?
• How is chylous ascites characterized?
• What is the normal range for urine specific gravity?
• Which diagnosis is most consistent with the laboratory pattern described (high urine glucose and positive Acetest)?
• Which urine test finding is least reliable for indicating a bacterial urinary tract infection because it can be found in healthy individuals?
• The SSA precipitation test detects what in urine?
• Xanthochromia in all three CSF tubes collected from a patient is most indicative of which condition?
• What does the presence of many squamous epithelial cells in urine sediment suggest?
• Normal CSF contains which cell type in small numbers?
• Quality control for reagent strips should be performed in which manner?
• A urine sample shows protein detected by sulfosalicylic acid but negative on dipstick. This pattern most likely indicates presence of which type of protein?
• Which statement is true about urinary crystals that may resemble other crystals such as cysteine crystals?
• Broad (waxy) casts in urine sediment suggest which condition?
• Which statement best describes clinically significant proteinuria?
• Which characteristic would indicate a serous effusion is exudative rather than transudative?
• Which term is defined as a urine specific gravity which is 1.035?
• To detect casts more easily in urine sediment, which microscopic method is used?